Автореферат и диссертация по медицине (14.00.13) на тему:Клиническая эффективность комплексной медико-социальной программы в лечении болезни Паркинсона

Введение

Глава I. Литературный обзор

1.1. Этиология и патогенез БП

1.2. Клиника и диагностика БП

1.3. Стадии и степени тяжести

1.4. Типы течения

1.5. Темпы прогрессирования

1.6. Современные принципы фармакотерапии при БП

1.7. Факторы инвалидизации

1.8. Качество жизни при БП

1.9. Эмоциональные нарушения при БП

1.10. Реабилитация больных БП

1.10.1. Физиотерапия и J1ФК

1.10.2. Психотерапия

1.10.3. Трудотерапия

1.11. Роль семьи при БП

1.12. Система медико-социальной помощи больным БП

Глава II. Материалы и методы исследования

2.1. Характеристика пациентов и лиц, ухаживающих за больными

2.2. Характеристика методов исследования

Глава III. Комплексная медико-социальная программа 61 3.1. Методика проведения групповых занятий

Глава IV. Результаты исследования

4.1. Анализ адекватности фармакотерапии на поликлиническом уровне

4.2. Анализ адекватности установления групп инвалидности

4.3. Исходные показатели качества жизни, повседневной активности, эмоциональных, двигательных нарушений у больных БП

4.4. Динамика показателей двигательных нарушений после проведения

КМСП у больных БП

4.5. Динамика показателей повседневной активности после проведения КМСП у больных БП

4.6. Влияние КМСП на эмоциональную сферу больных БП.

4.7. Влияние КМСП на показатели качества жизни больных БП

4.8. Влияние КМСП на эмоциональные нарушения и социальную адаптацию лиц, ухаживающих за больными БП

4.9. Катамнестическое наблюдение больных после проведения КМСП

Глава V. Региональная общественная организация содействия больным паркинсонизмом

1. Аксенова И.О. Терапевтически резистентные депрессивные состояния.//Журн. невропат, и психиатр.-1979.-Т. 79.-№ 4.-С. 473-487.

2. Алимова Е.Я., Голубев В.Л. Вегетативные нарушения при паркинсонизме.//Журн. невропат, и психиатр.-1992.-Т. 92.-№ 5-12.-С. 48-52.

3. Анохина И.П. Нейрохимические механизмы психических заболеваний.//М.: Медицина, 1975,- С. 320.

4. Артеменко А.Р., Левин Я.И. Фототерапия больных паркинсонизмом.//Неврол. журн,-1996.-№ З.-С. 63-67.

5. Артемьев Д.В. Возрастные аспекты болезни Паркинсона.//Автореф. дис. канд. мед. наук.—М., 1995.

6. Артемьев Д.В., Глозман Ж.М. Нарушения высших психических функций при болезни Паркинсона.//Достижения в нейрогериартрии/Под ред. Н.Н.Яхно, И.В.Дамулина.-М., 1995.-С.46-60.

7. Артемьев Д.В., Яхно Н.Н. Этиология и патогенез болезни Паркинсона.//Русский Мед. Ж. 2001. С. 4-9.

8. Арушанян Э.Б. Отеллин В.А. Хвостатое ядро.//Л.: Наука. 1976.-С. 223.

9. Атаджанов М.А. Экспериментальное моделирование паркинсонического синдрома и его комплексная патогенетическая терапия//Автореф. дис. докт. мед. наук.-М. 1989.

10. Бархатова В.П. Нейротрансмитгеры и экстрапирамидная патология.//М,: Медицина. -1988.-С. 175.

11. Балкаров И.М., Шоничев Д.Г., Козлова В.Г. с соавт. Некоторые подходы к повышению качества лечения пациентов с артериальной гипертонией (опыт «школы пациента с артериальной гипертонией»).// Терапевтический архив. 2000. - (Т. 72). -№ 1,-С. 47-53.

12. Бевз И. А. Шкалы для оценки депрессии. Выпуск 1. - Изд-во «Пресса - 1» по заказу фирмы Servier.-1999.

13. Бевз И.А. Шкалы для оценки депрессии. Выпуск 2. - Изд-во «Пресса -1» по заказу фирмы Servier. -1999.

14. Беленков Ю.Н. Определение качества жизни у больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью.//Кардиология. 1993. - №2. - С. 85-88.

15. Белова А.Н., Щепетова О.Н. Шкалы, тесты и опросники в медицинской реабилитации.//М.: Антидор, 2002. 440 с.

16. Березин Ф.Б. Психическая и психофизиологическая адаптация человека.- JL: Наука, 1988.-270 с.

17. Бернштейн Н.А. Очерки по физиологии движений и физиологии активности//М.: Медицина, 1966.-С. 349.

18. Бехтерева Н.П. Здоровый и больной мозг человека.//Л.; Наука, 1980,- 208 с.

19. Бичева К.Г. Факторы инвалидизации при болезни Паркинсона и подходы к их коррекции.//Автореф. дис. канд.мед.наук.-М., 1998.

20. Бичева К.Г. Факторы инвалидизации при болезни Паркинсона и подходы к их коррекции.//Дис. докт. мед. наук.-М., 1998.

21. Бичева К.Г., Федорова Н.В. Комплексный медико-психологический подход к клиническому и трудовому прогнозу при болезни Паркинсона.//Современные аспекты диагностики и лечения во врачебно-трудовой экспертизе и реабилитации М., 1995. -С. 6-7.

22. Блейхер В.М., Фельдман Н.Б. Особенности личностной акцентуации как фактора предрасположенности к некоторым психосоматическим заболеваниям.// Ж. неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова., 1988: №5.- С. 101-104.

23. Бодров В.А. Психологический стресс: развитие учения и современное состояние проблемы. М.: Ин-т психологии РАН, 1995. - 128 с.

24. Брагина Н.Н., Доброхотова Т.А. Функциональные ассиметрии человека.//М.: Медицина, 1988,-239с.

25. Братко А.А., Волков П.П. Моделирование психической деятельности.//М.: Мысль, 1969,- 167с.

26. Вайншток А.Б., Олейник Л.И. Дифференциальная диагностика и современные методы лекарственного лечения паркинсонизма. Киев, 1971.

27. Василюк Ф.Е. Психология переживания. М.: Изд-во МГУ, 1984. - 200с.

28. Ведяев Ф.П., Воробьева Т.М. Модели и механизмы эмоциональных стрессов. Киев: Здоров'я, 1983. - 136 с.

29. Вейн A.M., Вознесенская Т.Г., Голубев В.Л., Дюкова Г.М. Депрессия в неврологической практике.//М., 1998.-С. 126.

30. Вейн A.M. Лекции по неврологии неспецифических систем мозга.//М., 1974.-С. 120.

31. Вильдавская Л.М. Роль семьи в социальной адаптации больных эндогенными психическими расстройствами юношеского возраста.//Автореф. канд. психол. наук. М., 1995. 20 с.

32. Воробьёв В.М. Психическая адаптация как проблема медицинской психологии и психиатрии. // Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии им. В. М. Бехтерева. 1993. -№2. -С.33-39.

33. Ганев Г. Паркинсонизъм. София: Медицина и физкультура, 1976.-517 с.

34. Глозман Ж.М., Артемьев Д.В., Дамулин И.В., Ковязина М.С. Возрастные особенности нейропсихологических расстройств при болезни Паркинсона.//Вестник МГУ. Психология.-1994.-№ З.-С. 25-36.

35. Глозман Ж.М., Гончаров О.А., Максименко М.Ю., Пылаева Н.М. Динамика нейропсихологических синдромов после нейрохирургической операции.//Вестн. Моск. Ун-та. Сер. 14, Психология. 1991. №2. С. 18-31.

36. Глозман Ж.М. Исследование структуры лексикона больных с корковыми и подкорковыми поражениями мозга.//Вестн. Моск. Ун-та. Сер. 14, Психология. 1996. №2. С. 66-72.

37. Глозман Ж.М., Ковязина М.С., Шток В.Н. и соавт. Метод самооценки социальной адаптации больных паркинсонизмом.//Ж. неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. М., 1996: № 6. - С. 35-39.

38. Глозман Ж.М., Соколова Е.Т., Маслов Е.И. Экспериментальное исследование межличностных отношений в семьях больных с афазией.// Вестн. Моск. Ун-та: Психология, 1986: № 3. - С. 43-54.

39. Глозман Ж.М., Федорова Н.В., Бичева К.Г. Исследование качества жизни родственников, ухаживающих за хроническими больными (на модели болезни Паркинсона).//Вестн. Моск. Ун-та: Сер. 14, Психология, 1998:- №3,- С. 63-71.

40. Глозман Ж.М., Шток В.Н., Салтыкова Н.М., Федорова Н.В. Клинико-психологическое исследование депрессивного синдрома при паркинсонизме.//Вестник МГУ, сер. 14-Психология.-1995.-С.29-36.

41. Голубев В.Л., Левин Я.И., Вейн A.M. Болезнь Паркинсона и синдром паркинсонизма.//М.: МЕДпресс, 1999.-С 416.

42. Голубев В.Л. Гиперкинетические синдромы (клинико-физиологический анализ) //Дис. докт. мед. наук.-М., 1983.

43. Голубев В.Л. Побочные эффекты длительной терапии паркинсонизма препаратами леводопы и их коррекция //Рос. мед. журн.-1997.-№ 4.- С. 41-44.

44. Голубев В.JI. Структура личности и ее динамика при паркинсонизме // Паркинсонизм (вопросы клиники, патогенеза и лечения).-М. 1974,- С. 48-56.

45. Голубев В.Л., Левин Я.И., Шамликашвили Ц.А. Латерализованные формы паркинсонизма (клинические, электроэнцефалографические и психомоторные аспекты)//Журн. невропатол. и психиатр.-1989.-Т. 89,-№ 11.-С. 119-123.

46. Гусев Е.И., Гречко В.Е., Бурд Г.С. Нервные болезни: Учебник,- М.: Медицина, 1988.640 с.

47. Данаилова Д.П. Расстройства внимания у больных паркинсонизмом.//Журнал невропатологии и психиатрии им. С.С.Корсакова.-1980,- №5.-С.694-696.

48. Зайцева Т.В. Качество жизни больных ревматоидным артритом.// Дисс. канд мед.наук. Оренбург, 1999,- С.324.

49. Захаров В.В. Мнестические расстройства при болезни Паркинсона и прогрессирующем супрануклеарном параличе: сравнительный анализ.// "Пожилой больной. Качество жизни", научно-практическая конференция. М.,1996. С. 116.

50. Захаров В.В. Нарушение мнестической функции при паркинсонизме.//Автореф. дис канд.мед.наук.-М., 1996.

51. Изард К. Эмоции человека.Ш., 1980.-С 440.

52. Кабанов М.Л., Линко А.Е., Смирнов В.М. Методы психологической диагностики и коррекции в клинике.//Л., 1983,- 312 с.

53. Каменецкий В.К. Паркинсонизм.//С.Пб., 1995.-С. 215.

54. Кандель Э.И. Джеймс Паркинсон и современные проблемы паркинсонизма //Журн. невропатол. и психиатр.-1975.-Т. 75.-№ II -С 1721- 1725.

55. Карвассарский Б.Д. Психотерапия.//Л.: Медицина, 1985,- 384с.

56. Квасенко А.В., Зубарев Ю.В. Психология больного.//Л.: Медицина, 1980,- 184с.

57. Кермани К. Аутогенная тренировка: Эффективная техника расширения потенциала возможностей сознания и снятия стрессов// Перевод с английского. СПб., 2002. -С 448.

58. Корсакова Н.К., Московичюте Л.И. Подкорковые структуры мозга и психические процессы.//М.: Изд. МГУ, 1985.

59. Коршунов А.М., Преображенская И.С. Программированная смерть клеток (апоптоз).//Неврол. журн.-1998.-Т. 3.-№1.-С. 40-47.

60. Коршунов A.M. Особенности течения и эффективность лечения болезни Паркинсона.//Дис. докт. мед. наук.-М., 2002.

61. Кои Я.М. Организация произвольного движения (нейрофизиологические механизмы).//М.: Наука, 1975.-С. 248.

62. Крыжановский Г.Н., Карабань И.Н., Магаева С.В., Карабань Н.В. Компенсаторные и восстановительные процессы при паркинсонизме.//Киев, 1995.-186 с.

63. Крылов И.Н. Возможные механизмы задержки инициации произвольных движений.//Российский Физиологический Журнал им. И.М. Сеченова. 1997. 83. - № 1-2. С.109-1 15

64. Курганский А.В. Механизмы центрального программирования произвольных серийных движений и их формирование в онтогенезе.//Автореф. канд. диссерт. М., 1994.

65. Курганский А.В., Подлепа А.С. Зависимость временных характеристик ритмических движений от их структурной сложности.//Вест. Моск. Ун-та.Сер.14.Психология.1998.

66. Левин О.С., Кумру X. Кортикобазальная дегенерация. //Неврологический журнал, 1997,-№6.-С. 17-23.

67. Левин Я.И. Патология церебральных дофаминергических систем (неврологические и нейроэндокринологическне аспекты).//Дис. докт. мед. наук.-М., 1991.

68. Лобзин B.C., Решетников Н.М. Аутогенная тренировка. Л.: Медицина, 1986.

69. Лурия А.Р. Основы нейропсихологии//М.: Издательство МГУ, 1973. С. 373.

70. Малиновская Н.Б. Возрастные особенности патогенеза различных форм паркинсонизма и новые пути его лечения (клинико-иммунологическое исследование).//Дис. канд. мед. наук. Киев, 1981.

71. Мелентьев А.С., Мелентьев И.А. Значение показателей «качества жизни» в реабилитации больных ИБС.//Топ-медицина. 1996. № 5.

72. Николаева В.В. Влияние хронической болезни на психику.// Психологические исследования. М.: Изд-во Московского университета, 1987.-С. 155-167.

73. Орлова В.А., Гиляровский С.Р. Проблемы изучения качества жизни в современной медицине // Медицина и здравоохранение. М., 1992.-С. 66.

74. Ортель В.Х., Коршунов A.M. Лекарственная терапия болезни Паркинсона//Неврологический журнал, 1997,-№6.-С.4-8

75. Отеллин В.А., Арушанян Э.Б. Нигрострионигральная система//М., 1989.

76. Панин Л.Е., Соколов В.П. Психосоматические взаимоотношения при хроническом эмоциональном напряжении. Неб.: Наука, 1981. - 176 с.

77. Петелин Л.С. Актуальные вопросы паркинсонизма (лекция)//М., 1985.

78. Петелин JI.C., Атаджданов М. Генетика болезни Паркинсона.-Ташкент: Медицина, 1977.-С. 102.

79. Петелин Л.С., Шток В.Н., Пигарев В.А. Лечение паркинсонизма.//Методические рекомендации//М., 1980.-С. 59.

80. Пушкарев А.Л., Аринчина Н.Г., Крылова Н.Е. Качество жизни: структура понятия и перспективы использования его в лечении и реабилитации.//Проблемы реабилитации. 2000. - С.32-37.

81. Розе Н.А. Психомоторика взрослого человека.//Л.: ЛГУ, 19/0.-С. 128.

82. Савищева О.С., Полещук В.В., Иванова-Смоленская И.А., Федорова Т.Н. Окисляемость апо-в-липопротеинов плазмы крови при паркинсонизме.//Нурохимия. -2000. (17). № 3. С. 237-240.

83. Садикова О.Н. Корреляция клинических, нейропсихологических и ком-пьютерно-томографических данных при болезни Паркинсона//Автореф.дис. канд.мед.наук-М., 1997.

84. Салтыкова Н.М. Лечение мнестико-интеллектуальных нарушений и адаптация больных паркинсонизмом//Автореф. дис. канд.мед.наук.-М, 1996.

85. Сандомирский М.Е. Психическая адаптация в условиях пенитенциарного стресса и личностно-типологические особенности осужденных.//Здравоохранение Башкортостана, 2001. 88 с.

86. Сергеев А.В. Медицинские показатели качества жизни в комплексной оценке течения ишемической болезни сердца.// Дисс. канд. мед наук. Смоленск, 1999. 166 с.

87. Симонов П.В. Эмоциональный мозг. М: Наука, 1981,- 166 с.

88. Смоленцева И.Г. Влияние агонистов дофаминовых рецепторов на двигательные и нейропсихологические нарушения при болезни Паркинсона//Дис. канд. мед. наук. -М., 2000.

89. Столярова Л.Г., Кадыков А.С., Кистенев Б.А. Реабилитация больных паркинсонизмом.//М., Медицина, 1979.-С. 168.

90. Столярова Л.Г., Кадыков А.С., Шведков В.В., Пивоварова В.М. Опыт применения парлодела при лечении больных паркинсонизмрм//Журн. невропатол. и психиатр. -1986.-Вып. 2.-С. 219-222.

91. Федорова Н.В., Шток В.Н. Этиологическая структура паркинсонизма и клинический патоморфоз при длительном лечении.//Вестник практической неврологии.-1995.- №1.-С.87-88.

92. Федорова Н.В. Лечение и реабилитация больных паркинсонизмом//Автореф. дис. докт. мед. наук.-М., 1996.

93. Федорова Н.В. Лечение болезни Паркинсона.//Русский Мед. Ж. 2001. С 24-33.

94. Фролькис В.В., Безруков В.В. Старение центральной нервной системы //Физиология человека-1978.-Т. 4.-С. 596-619.

95. Хомская Е.Д. Нейропсихология. Изд-во Московского университета, 1987.

96. Хуторская О.Е. Индивидуальный подбор фармакотерапии при паркинсонизме с помощью компьютерной диагностики.//Ж. Невропатология и психиатрия им. С.С. Корсакова. 1998. № 12. С. 25-28.

97. Шмидт Т.Е. Летняя школа по рассеянному склерозу.//Неврологический журнал. 1998. (3) № 6. С. 61.

98. Шток В.Н. Фармакотерапия в неврологии (справочник).//М., Медицина, 1995.-С. 160175.

99. Шток В.Н., Иванова-Смоленская И.А., Левин О.С. Экстрапирамидные расстройства. Руководство по диагностики и лечению.//М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2002. 608 с.

100. Шток В.Н., Левин О.С., Федорова Н.В. Экстрапирамидные расстройства (учебное пособие).//Российская Медицинская Академия последипломного образования, М., 1998.-С. 128.

101. Шток В.Н., Федорова Н.В. Лечение паркинсонизма//М., 1997.-С. 196.

102. Шток В.Н., Федорова Н.В. Медикаментозное лечение паркинсонизма.//Вестник практической неврологии.-1995,- №1.-С.40-42.

103. Штульман Д.Р., Левин О.С. Неврология. Справочник практического врача.//М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2002. С. 441-460.

104. Якимовский А.Ф., Пушнова Е.А., Ахмедова С.Н., Автономов В.В. Молекулярно-генетические и токсико-экологическне основы этиологии и патогенеза болезни Паркинсона (паркинсонизма).//Невролог. журн.— 1997.-№ 4.-С. 69-73.

105. Яхно Н.Н., Штульман Д.Р., Мельничук П.В. Паркинсонизм.//Болезни нервной системы.-М., 1995.-Т. 2.-С.144-159.

106. Яхно Н.Н., Дамулин И.В., Гончаров О.А. Сравнительная оценка различных форм паркинсонизма у больных пожилого и старческого возраста.//Журнал невропатологии и психиатрии им. Корсакова.-1992,- №1.-С.67-72.

107. Яхно Н.Н. Современные подходы к лекарственному лечению болезни Паркинсона.//Клиническая фармакология и терапия, 1994,- №3-4.-С.92-97.

108. Яхно Н.Н. Актуальные вопросы нейрогериартрии//В кн.: Достижения в нейрогериартрии. М., 1995.-С.9-27.110. Яхно Н.Н. 2001

109. Aarsland D., Larsen J.P., Lim N.G. Range of neuropsychiatric disturbances <n patients with Parkinson's disease.//J.Neurol., 1999. -V.50. -P.492-449.

110. Adams R.D., Victor M., Ropper A.H, Principles of Neurology. 6th ed. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill; 1997: 1067-1078.

111. Adamucci L, Andrea L. The epidemiology of the dementia in Europe.// Concepts in vascular demencia. 1993.-V.67,- P. 19-27.

112. Agrell В., Dehlin O. Depression in stroke patients with left and right hemisphere lessions. A study in geriatric rehabilitation in patients. // Aging, 1994.-V.6. P.49 -56.

113. Agid Y., Taquent H., Cesselin J., et al. Neuropetides and Parkinson's disease. In: PeptidesNeurological Disease, ed P.O. Emson et al., Vol 66, pp 107-118, 1986.

114. Alexi T. & Hefti F. Trophic action on mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron development in culture. Neuroscience, 1993, 55 903-918.

115. Anderson R.T., Aarson N.K., Wilkin D. Critical review of the international assessments of health-related quality of life.//Quality of Life Research. 1993. - Vol.2. -P.369 - 395

116. Andersen G., Vestergaard K., Nielsen M Risk Factors for post-stroke depression. //Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 1995.-V.92.-P. 193-198.

117. Arnold M.B. Emotion and personality. //Neurological and physiological aspects . N.Y.: Columbia Univ. Press, 1960.

118. Astrom M. Generalized anxiety disorder in stroke patients. A 3-year longtudinal study. // Stroke, 1996.-V.27,- P.270-275.

119. Bach M., Bach D.Alexithymia in somatoform disoreder and somatic disease: a comparative study. //Psychoter Psychosom, 1996,- V.65.-P. 150-252.

120. BarbeauA., RoyM., GloutierT. et al. Adv. Neurol. 1986;45:299-306.

121. Basma A.N., Morris E.J., Nicklas W.J., et al. L-DOPA cytotoxicity to PC12 cells in culture is via its autoxidation//J Neurochem 1995;64:825-832.

122. Bayles K. Language and Parkinson's disease. //Alzheimer's Dis Assoc Disorders, 1990. -V.4.- P.171-180.

123. Bayles K., Tomoeda C.K., Wood J.A. Change in cognitive function in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. //Arch. Neurol., 1996.-V.4.- P. 1140-1146.

124. Bergmann K.J., Mendoza M.R., Yahr M. Parkinson's disease and long-term levodopa therapy. // Adv. Neurol. 1986. V.45. - P. 463-467.

125. Biggins C.A., Boyd J.L., Harrop F.M. A controlled, longitudinal study of dementia in Parkinson's disease. // J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatary, 1992,- V.55.- P.566-571.

126. Birkmayer W., Riederer P., Joudln M. Distinction between benign and malignant type of Parkinson's disease. // Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg., 1979. V,8 - N 3. - P. 158-164,

127. Blin J., Bonnet A.M., Yves Agid F. Does L-DOPA aggravate Parkinson's disease? // Neurology, 1988. V.38. - P. 1410-1416.

128. Blunt S.B., Jenner P, Marsden C.D. Suppressive effect of L-dopa on dopamine cells remaining in the ventral tegmental area of rats previously exposed to the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopaminc.//Mov Disord 1993:8:129-133.

129. Borden K.L. Structure function in neuroprotection and apoptosis.//Ann Neurol 1998;44(Suppl 1):S65-S71.

130. Bowen F.P., Kamienny R.S., Bums M.M., et al. Parkinsonism: effects of levodopa treatment on concept formation.//Neurology 1975;25:701-704.

131. Boyce S, Rupniak N.M., Steventon M.J., et al. Characterisation of dyskinesias induced by L-DOPA in MPTP-treated squirrel monkeys//Psychopharmacology 1990;102:21-27.

132. Brazier J., Jones N., Kind P. Testing the validity of the EuroQol and comparing it with the SF 36 health survey questionnaire. // Quality of Life Research. - 1993. - Vol.2. -P.169- 180.

133. Brooks R. EuroQol: the current state of play. // Health Policy. 1996 Jul; 37 (1):53-72.

134. Brown G.L., W.P. Parkinsonism and depression. // South Med., 1972. V.65. - P. 540-545.

135. Brown RG, Jahanshahi M, Quinn N, et al: Sexual function in patients with Parkinson's disease and their partners. // J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990. - 53:480486.

136. Bruneau M.-A., Lesperance P., Chouinard S. Cognitive and psychiatric symptoms impact on quality of life in Parkinson's" disease. // J. Journal of Neurology, neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1999.-V.5.-P. 246-254.

137. Bunting LK, Fitzsimmons B: Depression in Parkinson's disease. // J. Neurosci Nurs. -1991.-23(3): 158-164.

138. Bushmann M., Dobmeyer S.M., Leeker L. Swallowing difficulties and their response to treatment in Parkinson's disease. //Neurology. 1986. V.39: 1309-1314.

139. Bushnell D.M., Martin M.L. Quality of life and Parkinson's disease: translation and validation of the US Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). // Qual. Life Res. 1999. Jun;8 (4):345 - 350.

140. Caird F.L. Nondrug therapy of Parkinson's disease. // Scot. Med. J. 1984. V.31: 129-132.

141. Calne D.B., Zigmond M.J. Compensatory mechanisms on degenerative neurologic disease. //Arch. Neurol. 1991. V.48.-P. 361-363.

142. Canavan A.G., Passingham R.E., Marsden C.D. Sequencing ability in parkinsonians, patients with frontal lobe lesions and, patients who have undergone unilateral temporal lobectomies.// Neuropsychologia, 1989,- V.9.-P.787-798.

143. Canavan A.G. The performance on teaming tasks of patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. //Neuropsychologia,1989.-V.15.- P.141-156.

144. Castillo C.S., Schultz S.K., Robinson RG. Clinical correlates of early-onset and late-onset poststroke generalized anxiety. // J. Psychiatry, 1995.-V.5. P. 1174 -1179.

145. Callahan C.M., Hui S.L., Nienaber NALongitudinal study of depression and healht services use among elderly. // J. Am Geriatr. Soc., 1994. V.5. - P. 833 - 838.

146. Caplan G. Emotional crises. // The encyclopedia of mental health. N.Y. - 1963, V.2, p.521-532.

147. Carlsson A., Windblad B. Influence of age and time interval between death and autopsy on dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine levels in human basal ganglia. J. Neural. 1992; 49: 1119-1122

148. Celesia G.O., Wanamaker W.M. Psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease.// Dis. Nerv. System, 1972. -V.6.- P.577-583.

149. Chan-Palay V., Asan E. Alterations in catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus in senile dementia of Alzheimer type and in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia and depression //Сотр. Neurol.,1989. 'V. 29. -P. 373 - 392.

150. Chase T.N., Mouradian M.M., Engber T.M. Motor response complications and the function of striatal efferent systems//Neurology 1993;43(Suppl 6):S23-S26.

151. Chawluk J.B., Alavi A. Neuroimaging of normal brain aging and dementia". // In:"Neuroimaging:A cjmpanion to Adams and Victor's Priciples of Neurology. // J.O.Greenberg., 1995. V. 29. - P. 253 - 282.

152. Choi D.W., Rothman S.W. The role of glutamate neurotoxity in hyroxic-ischemic neuronal death. Annu.Rev, Neurosci., 1990, 13, 171-182

153. Chui Y.C., Perlmutter L.S. Pathological correlates of dementia in Parkinson's disease//Neurobehavioral aspects. Oxford University Press.,1992.-V.13.- P. 164-177.

154. Churchyard A.D., Lee A.J., Daniel S.E. The relationships between dementia in parkisonism and neuronal loss in the amygdala and hyppocampus. // In: TV Int Congress on Movement Disorders, 1996,- V. 1,- P.433.

155. Clark G.D., Happel L.T., Zorumski C.F., Bazan N.g. Enhancement of hipocampal excitatory synaptic transmission by platelet-activating factor. Neuron, 1992,1211-1216

156. Chrisensen R., Malty N., Lorn A.F. Cholinergic blocade as a model of the cognitive deficit in Alzheimer's disease.//Brain, 1992,-V.18.-P. 1681-1699.

157. Cornelia C.L., Stebbins G.T., Brown-Toms N. Physical therapy and Parkinson's disease: controlled clinical trial. // Neurology. 1994. V.44: 376-378.

158. Cooper J.A., Sagar H.J., Jordan N. Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability. // Brain., 1994. V.127. - P. 2095 -2122.

159. Cortias G.S., Papavasilious P.S., Gellene R. Modification of parkinsonism: chronic treatment with L-dopa. // N. Engl. J. Med., 1969. V.8. - P. 337-345.

160. Cummings J.L., Benson D.F. Dementia: Definition, prevalence, classification, and approach to diagnosis. // In Dementia: A Clinical Approach. Massachusetts, Butterworth.1992, P. 1.

161. Cummings J.L., Mendez M. Secondary mania with focal cerebrovascular lesions. // J. Psychiatry, 1984. -V.3. -P. 1084-1087.

162. Cummings J.L.Subcortical Dementia// J.Psychiatry,1986.- V. 15.-P.682-697.

163. Cummings J.L.Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Multi-infarct Dementia and Dementia of the Alzheimer Type. // Neurol., 1987,- V.4. -P.389-393.

164. Cummings J.L., Ross W., Absher J. Depressive symptoms in Alzheimer disease: assessment and determinants. //Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord., 1995. V. 2. - P. 87 - 89.

165. Cummings J.L. Depression in Parkinson's disease. // J. Psychiatry, 1992.-V.11,-P.443-454.

166. Cummings J.L. Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. //Arch. Neurol.,1993. -V.13. -P.873-886.

167. Cummings J.L. Anatomic and behavioral aspects of frontal-subcortical circuits. //Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1995. -V.12. P.l-13.

168. Deane K.H.O., Jones D., Ellis-Hill C., Playford E.D., Ben-Shlomo Y., Clarke C.E. Cochrane systematic reviews of physiotherapy for Parkinson's disease. //6th International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain; 2000.

169. De Jong G.J., Meerwaldt J.D., Schmitz P.I. Factors that influence the occurence of response variations in Parkinson's disease//Ann Neurol 1987;22:4-7.

170. Delay J., Deniker P. Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes//Handbook of clinical neurology.-New York, 1968,-Vol. 6.-P. 218-226.

171. Desmind D., Tatemishi N., Stern Y. Patterns of neuropsychological deficits in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. // Neurology., 1994,- V.44.- N4,- -P.298.

172. Diamond S.G., Markham C.H., Hoehn M.M. Multicenter study of Parkinson mortality with early versus later dopa treatment. // Neurol., 1987. V. 22. - №1. - P. 8-12.

173. Doty R.L., Golbe L.I., McKeown D.A., Stern M.B., Lehrach C.M., Crawford D. Olfactory testing differentiates between progressive supranuclear palsy and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. //Neurology, 1993.-V.43,- P.962-965.

174. Doty R.L., Riklan M., Deems D.A. The olfactory and cognitive deficits of Parkinson's disease: evidence for independence. // Neurol., 1989. V. - 25. - P. 166-171.

175. Doty R.L., Stem M.B., Pfeiffer C. Bilateral olfactory dysfunction in early stage treated and untreated idiopathic Parkinson's disease.// J. Neural. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 1992.-V.55,- P.138-142.

176. Downhill J.E., Robinson R.G. Longitudinal assessment of depression and cognitive impairment following stroke'V. //J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1994. V. 183. - P. 425 -431.

177. Dunner D.L. An overview of paroxetine in elderly. // Gerontology., 1994. V. 40. -P. 21-27.

178. Dubois В., Pilen В., L'Hermitte F. Cholinergic deficiency and frontal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. //Neurol., 1990. V. 28. - P. 117-121.

179. Duvoisin R.C. Parkinson's disease: a guide for patient and family. //Raven Press., 1984.-V.I.- P. 206.

180. Eagles L.M., Whalley L.J. Ageing and affective disorders: the age at first onset of affective disorders in Scotland. // J. Psychiatry., 1985. -V. 147. -P. 180-187.

181. Easwood M.R., Rifat S.L., Nobbs H. Mood disorder following cerebrovascular accident. //J. Psychiatry, 1989,- V.154. -P. 195-200.

182. Ellgring H., Seiler S., Perleth B. Psychosocial aspects of Parkinson's disease. // Neurology, 1993. V 43,- P. 641-644.

183. Erkinjuntti T. Subcortical vascular dementia diagnostic problems. // In: 7th IPA Congress. Sydney, Australia, 1995.-V.1.-P.45.

184. Evans D.L., Byerly M.J., Greer R.A. Secondary mania: diagnosis and treatment. //J.Clin-Psychiatry., 1995.-V. 56.-P. 31-7.

185. Fabbrini G., Mouradian M.M., Juncos J.L., Schlegel J., Mohr E., Chase T.N. Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: central pathophysiological mechanisms, part I//Ann Neurol 1988;24:366-371.

186. Fahn S., Elton R. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. // Recent development in Parkinson's disease. 1987.-V.10,-P. 153-163.

187. Fahn S., Bressman S.B. Should levodopa therapy for parkinsonism be started early or late? Evidence against early treatment//Can J Neurol Sci 1984;1 l(Suppl l):200-205.

188. Fahn S., Cote L.J., Snider S.R., et al. The role of bromocriptine in the treatment of parkinsonism//Neurology 1979;29:1077-1083.

189. Fahn S. Adverse effects of levodopa. In: Olanow CW, Lieberman AN, eds. The Scientific Basis for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Carnforth UK: Parthenon Publishing Group, 1992:89-112.

190. Fahn S. Controversies in the therapy of Parkinson's disease//Adv Neurol 1996;69:477-484.

191. Felce D. Definition and superposition of the concept of quality of life. // J. Intellect Disabil. Res., 1997,-V. 41.-P. 126-135.

192. Ferrans C. Development of a conceptual model of quality of life. // Sch. Inq. Nurs. Pract., 1996,- V. 10,- P. 293-304.

193. Fiedler N., Kipen H., Deluca J. Neuropsychology and sychology of MCS. // Toxicol-Ind-Health., 1994.-V. 10.P.545-554.

194. Findley L.J., Peto V., Pugner K., Holmes J., Baker M. The impact of Parkinson's disease on quality of life: results of a research survey in the U.K. // J. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1999.-V.4.- P. 431-435.

195. Findley L. J. Factors impacting on quality of life in Parkinson's Disease. Results from an International Survey. // XIV International congress on Parkinson"s disease, 2000.

196. Fiorani C., Mari M. Occupational therapy and quality of life in Parkinsonian patients. // XII International congress on Parkinson's disease, 1998.

197. Fisher P., Simanyi M., Danielczyk W. Depression in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type and Multi-Infarct Dementia. //J.Psychiatry., 1990. V. 147. - P. 1484 - 1487.

198. Fitzsimmons В., Bunting L.K. Parkinson's disease. Quality of life issues. // Nurs. Clin. North Am., 1993. V. 28. - N 4. - P. 807-818.

199. Flint A.J. Epidemiology and comorbidity of anxiety disorders in the elderly. // J. Psychiatry., 1994,-V. 151.-P.640-649.

200. Fogel B.S., Sparadeo F.R. Focal cognitive deficits accentuated by depression. //Nervous. Mental Disease, 1985,-V. 173,-P. 120-124.

201. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. Mini-Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. // J.Psychiatr.Res.,1975. -V.12.-P. 189-198.

202. Forstl H. et al. Clinical and neuropathological correlates of depression in Alzheimer's disease. //Psychol. Med., 1992.- V. 22. -P.877-884.

203. Forstl H., Levy R., Burns A. Disproportionate loss of noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons as cause of depression in Alzheimer's disease a hypothesis. // Pharmacopsychiatry, 1994.-V. 27.-P.11-5.

204. Franz M., Kraffi W., Croissant B. Alexithymia psychometric phantom or psychophysiologic reality. // Psychoter. Psychosom. Med. Psychol., 1996.-V.9.-P.1-10.

205. Friedlander A.H., Kawakami K.K., Ganzell S. Dental management of the geriatric patient with major depression. // Spec. Care Dentist, 1993.-V. 13. -P. 249-53.

206. Fujikawa Т., Yamawaki S., Touhouda Y. Incidance of silent cerebral infarction in patients with major depression. // Stroke.,1993. -V.24.-P. 1631-1634.

207. Folstein MF, Ross C: Cognitive impairment in the elderly. In Kelly WN led. //Textbook of Internal Medicine. JB Lippincott, 1992, P. 2408.

208. Fukushima-Kudo J., Fukushima K, Tashiru K. Rigidity and dorsiflexion of the neck in supranuclear palsy and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. J. Neurol.Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1987.

209. Gasser T, Muller-Myhsok B, Wszolek Z.K, et al. Genetic complexity and Parkinson's disease.//Science 1997:277:388-389.

210. Gasser T. Genetics of Parkinson's disease.//Ann Neurol 1998;44(Suppl 1):S53-S57.

211. Gallo J.J. Depression in caregivers. // J. Family Practice., 1990. V. 30. - №4. - P. 430-436.

212. Ghika T, Schmid F, Bogousslavsky J. Affective disorders following stroke. // Eur Neurol., 1997.-V. 38.-P.75-81.

213. Giannini A.J. Alexithymia, affective disorders and substance abuse: possible cross-relationships. //Y. Psychol. Rep, 1996.-V. 78. -P. 1389-1390.

214. Glozman J.M., Bicheva K.G., Fedorova N.V. Scale of Quality of Life of Care-Givers (SQLC). //J .Neurol., 1998. V.l.-P. 39-41.

215. Goetz C.G. Dopaminergic agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease//Neurology 1990;40(Suppl 3):S50-S54.

216. Goetz C.G., Jankovic J., Roller W.C., Liebermann A., Taylor R.B., Waters C.H. Continuum. 1995; 1: 6-61.

217. Golbe L.I., Davis P.H., Schoenberg B.S., Duvoisin R.S. Prevalence and natural history of progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology 1988.

218. Gollner M., Granata R., Wenning G., Poewe W. Outpatient follow-up of patients with longterm Parkinson"s disease: socioeconomic and psychosocial aspects". // XII International congress on Parkinson"s disease, 1998.

219. Gotham A.M., Brown R.G., Marsden C.D. Depression in Parkinson's disease a quantiative and qualitive analysis. // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry., 1986. - V. 49. - P. 381-389.

220. Gold P. W. "Clinical and Biochemical manifestations of Depression". // The New England Journal ofMedicine, 1998.-V. 11. -P. 348-353.

221. Gollner M.K., Granata R, Wenning G.K., Bosch S., Poewe W. Outpatient follow-up of patients with logterm (>15 years) Parkinson's disease: Socioeconomic and psychosocial aspects. // XII International congress on Parkinson's disease, 1998.

222. Gonzalez-Torrecillas J.I., Mendlewicz J., Lobo A. Analysis of intensity of post-stroke depression and its relationship with the cerebral lesion location. // Med. Clin. Bare, 1997.-V. 109,-P.241-244.

223. Goodwin G.M. Functional imaging, affective disorders and dementia. //Br. Med. Bull, 1996.-V.52.-P.495-512.

224. Goodwin G.M. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal lobes in depression. II Psychopharmacol Oxf, 1997.-V. 11.- P. 115-122.

225. GranieriE., Carreras M., Casetta I. et al. Arch Neurol. 1992; 48:8:854-857.

226. Grasso M.G., Pantano P., Ricci M. Mesial temporal cortex hypoperfusion is associated with depression in subcortical stroke. // Stroke., 1994.-V.25,- P.980-985.

227. Greene S.M., Griffin W.A. Symptom study in context: effects of marital quality on signs of Parkinson's disease during patient-spouse interaction. // Psychiatry, 1998. V. 61. -№1. - P. 35-45.

228. Guttman M., Suchowersky O. Parkinson's Disease Management Towards a New Paradigm. // Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1999. -V. 26: Suppl. 2-S53-S57.

229. Irwine E. Measuring quality of life: review. // Scand. J. Gastroenterol, 1996,- V. 2,- P. 5-7.

230. Hachinski V.C. Rethinking vascular dementia. // Prous Science Publishers, 1993.-V.6.-P. 95-101.

231. Halliwell В., Gutteridge J. Oxygen radicals and the nervous system.//Trends Neurol Sci 1985:8:22-29.

232. Haltenhof H., Schroter C. Depression in Parkinson disease. // Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr., 1994.-V. 62.-P.94-101.

233. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. // Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psichol. 1967. - Vol.6. - P.278 - 296.

234. Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. // Br. J. Med. Psichol. -1959.-Vol.32.-P.50- 55.

235. Hebb D.O. On the nature of fesr. // Psychol. Rev., 1946,- V. 1 -P.259.

236. Hefti F., Melamed E., Bhawan J., Wurtman R. Long term administration of L-dopa does not damage dopaminergic neurons in the mouse.//Neurology 1981:31:1194-1195.

237. Heitanen M.,Teravainen H. The effects of age onset on neuropsychological performance in Parkinson's disease. // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 1988. V. 51. - P. 244 - 249.

238. Helscher R.J., Pinter M.M. Speed and power of higher cerebral functions In parkinsonian patients. // J. Neural. Transm. Park. Dis. Dement. Sect., 1993. V.5. - № 1. -P. 35-44.

239. Herrmann M., Bartels C., Schumacher M., Wallesch C.W. Poststroke depression. Is there a pathoanatomic correlate for depression in the postacute stage of stroke? // Stroke., 1995.-V. 6.-P.850-856.

240. Hickie I., Scott E., Wilhelm K., Brodaty H. Subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe depression—a longitudinal evaluation. // Biol Psychiatry., 1997.-V. 42,-P.367-374.

241. Hirch R. The hippocampus and contextual retrieval of infofmation from memory: a theory. //Behav. Biol., 1974,- V. 1. P. 421.

242. Hoehn M., Yahr M. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. //Neurology. 1967.-V. 17.-№ l.-P. 27-42.

243. Hoehn M. Parkinsonism treated with levodopa: progression and mortality. //J. neurol.Transmission., 1983. V. 19 - P. 253-264.

244. Hoffman L., Brin B. Quality of life: the review. // J. Am. Optom. Assoc., 1995,- V. 66,-P. 281-289.

245. Huber S.J., Cummings J.L. Parkinson disease: neurobechevioral aspects. //Oxford, 1992.

246. Hubble Y., Koller W. The parkinsonian personality. // Advanres in neurology, 1995,-V. 65,-P. 43-48.

247. Hughes A.J., Ben-Shlomo Y., Daniel S.E., Lees A.J. What feature improves the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease, a clinicopathologic study. // Neurology, 1992.-V.42,-P. 1142-1146.

248. Hulsedos R., Beltman F. Measuring quality of life with the sickness impact profile a pilot study. // Intensive Care Med., 1991,- V. 1,- P. 288.

249. Hunt S., Mc. Kenna S. A quentative approach to perceived health status a validation study. //J. Epidimiol. Commun. Health,- 1980,- V. 34,- P.281-286.

250. Hyman C., Hofer M., Barde Y.A., et al. BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra//Nature 1991:350:230-232.

251. Jacobini M., Padovani A., Di Piero V. Patterns of neuropsychologicalimpairment in mild dementia: A comparision between Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. // Neurology., 1994.- V. 1 .-№ 4.-P. 196.

252. Jacoboni M., Padovani A., Di-Piero V., Lenzi G.L. Post-stroke depression: relationships with morphological damage and cognition over time. // Ital. J. Neurol. Sci., 1995.-V. 16.-P.209-216.

253. Jacobs D., Sano M., Marder K. Age at onset of Alzheimer's disease: relation to pctlern of cognitive disoders. //Neurology., 1994,- V.44-P. 1215-1220.

254. Jacobs D.M., Marder K., Cote L.J. Neuropsychological characteristics of preclinical dementia in Parkinson's disease. //Neurology, 1995. -V.45. P. 1691-1696.

255. Janelidze M., Shakarishvili R., Chichkladze M. Immunologic and MR1 correlation of vascular dementia. // Europ.J.Neurol., 1997. -V. 1 .-P. 14.

256. Jancovic J. Pathophysiology and clinical assessment of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. // Marsel Dekker., 1987. -V.27.- P. 99-126.

257. Jankovic J., Friedman D.I., Pirozzolo F.J., McCrary J.A. Progressive supranuclear palsy: motor, neurobahavioral and neuro-ophthalmic fings. Advances in neurology. 1990.

258. Jancovic J. Theories on the ethiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. // Neurology, 1992.-V.2. P. 21-23.

259. Jessimer M., Markham R. Alexithymia: a right hemisphere dysfunction specific to recognition of certain facial expressions? // Brain Cogn., 1997.-V.34,- P.246-258.

260. Jette A., Clearly P. Functional Disability Assessment. // Physical Therapy. 1987. -Vol.67. -P.1854- 1859.

261. Jimerson D.E. Role of dopamine mechanisms in affective disorders. /An: Meltzer H.Y. ed. Psychopharmacology: the Third Generation of Prjgress New York, Raven Press, 1987.-V.7.- P.527-534.

262. Johnson I., Sims R., Gottlieb G. Differential diagnosis of dementia, delirium and depression. Implications for drug therapy. // Drugs Aging., 1994.-V.5.- P.431-445.

263. Joukamaa M., Saarijarvi S., Muuriaisniemi M.L. Alexithymia in a normal elderly population. //Compr-Psychiatiy., 1996.-V.3-P. 144-147.

264. Kandel E. Disorders of Mood: Depression, Mania, and Anxiety Disorders. //In: Principles of Neural Science third edition ELSEVIER, 1991-V.14.-P. 869-882.

265. Kandel E., Schwartz J.H. Directly Gated Transmission at central Synapse. // In: Principles of Neural Science third edition ELSEVIER, 1991- V.15.- P. 153-172.

266. Karaman Y. Thalamic aphasias, important features and compared with cortical aphasias. //Europ.J.Neurol, 1997. -V.1.-P.87.

267. Karlsson T, Backman L, Herlitz A. Memory improvmrnt at different stages of AD. // Neuropsychol., 1989. -V.27.-P.737-742.

268. Karlsen, К. H., Larsen, J. P, Tandberg, E., Maeland, J. G. Influence of clinical and demographic variables on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1999. - 66: 431-435.

269. Karlsen, К. H, Tandberg, E., Arsland, D., Larsen J. P. Health related quality of life in Parkinson's disease: a prospective longitudinal study. // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. -2000. 69: 584-589.

270. Katz S. The science of quality of life. //J. Chron. Dis., 1997. -V. 40.-P. 459-463.

271. Kelly P.J., Ahlskog J.E., vanHeerden J.A., et al. Adrenal medullary autograft transplantation into the striatum of patients with Parkinson's disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1989; 64: 282-290.

272. Kerasidis H., Karstardt P., Pincus J. Effects of levodopa on region brain serotonin metabolism in rats with unilayeral destraction of the dopamin pathways. // Neurol., 1990.-V.1.-P.265.

273. Kessler 1.1., Diamond E.L. Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. 1.Smoking and Parkinson's disease: a survey and explanatory hypothesis //Amer. J. Epidem.-1971.-Vol. 94.-P. 16-25.

274. King К. В. Quality of life after stroke. // Stroke., 1996.-V. 27,- P. 1467-1472.

275. Kinsella G., Duffy E. The spouse of aphasic patient In: Lebrun G.,Hoops R. // The management of aphasia., 1978.-V. 4,- P. 26-28.

276. Kittle G., Oblas В., Okun M., Stacy M. Stress and coping in caregivers of spouses with Parkinson's disease. // 6th International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain; 2000.

277. Klawans H.L., Weiner W.J. The pharmocology of choreotic movement disoder. Neurobiol. 1976.

278. Kokotos E.T., Cheng В., Radcliffe P.R., Olanow C.W., Cohen G„ Mytilineou C. L-dopa and L-deprenyl protect against L-BSO induced cell death in cultured mesencephalic neurons abstract.//Soc Neurosci Abst 1996:22:6786.

279. Koller W., Silver D., Lieberman A. An algorithm for managing Parkinson's disease//Neurology 1994;44(Suppl 1):S1-S52.

280. Koller W. Disturbances of recent memory function in parkinsonian patients on anticholinergic therapy.//Cortex 1984:20:307-311.

281. Koller W.C, Herbster G. D1 and D2 dopamine receptor mechanism in dopaminergic behaviors//Clin Neuropharmacol 1988; 11:221-231.

282. Koller W.C. Neuroprotection for Parkinson's disease//Ann Neurol 1998;44(Suppl 1):S155-S159.

283. Kondo Т., Ito Т., Sugita Y. Bromocriptine scavenges methamphetamine-induced hydroxyl radicals and attenuates dopamine depletion in mouse striatum//Neurobiology 1994;738:222-229.

284. Kratthammer C, Klermann G.L. Secondary mania: manic syndromes associated with antecedent phisical illness or drugs. // Arch. Gen. Psychiatry.,1978.-Vol.35.-P.1333-1338.

285. Krol В., Sanderman R. Social support and quality of life, consept and research. // Patient Educ. Couns., 1993. Vol. 20. - P. 101-120.

286. Kuczmierczyk A.R, Labrum A.H, Johnson C.C. The relationship between mood, somatization, and alexithymia in premenstrual syndrome. // Psychosomatics., 1995.-V. 36,-P.26-32.

287. Kuniyoshi M., Arikawa K., Miure C., Inanaga K. Parkisonism manifesting depression as the first sign. // Jpn J. Psychiatry Neurol. -1989 Vol. 43.-P.37-43.

288. Lamberty G.J., Holt C.S. Evidence for a verbal deficit in alexithymia. // J. Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci., 1995.-V. 7,-P.320-324.

289. Lane R.D, Sechrest L., Reidel R.Impaired verbal and nonverbal emotion recognition in alexithymia. // Psychosom Med, 1996.-V. 58,- P.203-210.

290. Lane D. Utility, decision and quality of life. // J. Chronic. Dic,1987.- Vol. 40.-№6.-P. 585-591.

291. Lange K.W. Cognitive function and Parkinsosn s disease. // In: IV Int Congress on Movement Disorder, 1996,- P. 53.

292. Langston J.W. Etiology. //In "Handbook of Parkinson's Disease"(Ed. by Koller W.C.),1987.-V.10. P. 297-307.

293. Lazarus R.S. Emotion and adaptation. // N.Y, 1991.

294. Lazarus R.S. Stress apprisal and coping. // N.Y, 1987.

295. Lazutka J.R. Genetic toxicity of cytokines//Mutat. Res. 1996;361:95-105.

296. Lee C.S, Schulzer M, Мак E.K. Clinical observation on the rate of progression of idiopathic parkinsonism. // Brain, 1994. -V.6. P. 501- 507.

297. Lees A.J. Should we start treatment in Parkinson's disease with levodopa or with dopamine agonists? // 6th International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders, 2000.-P.87.

298. Lees A.J., Smith E. Cognitive deficits in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. // Brain., 1983,- V.13.- P.257-270.

299. Lees A.J., Stern G.M. Sustained bromocriptine therapy in previously untreated patients with parkinson's disease. // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry., 1981.-V.44.-P.1020-1023.

300. Levin B.E., Katzen H.L. Early cognitive changes and nondementing behavioral abnormalities in Parkinson's disease. // J. Neurology of movement,2001,- P.364.

301. Lilienfeld D.E., Chan E., Ehland J. et al. Arch Neurol. 1990; 47: 7: 731-734.

302. Le Weidong, Linglong Z., Jing X., Jankovic J. Antioxidant property of Pramipexole in neroprotection//XIII International congress on Parkinson's disease Vancouver, Canada; 1999.

303. Lindvall O., Rehnrona S., Brundin B. et al. Human fetal dopamin neurons grafted into the striatum in two patients with Parkinson's disease. // Arch. Neurol., 1989. V. 46. -P. 615-631.

304. Lincoln N.B., Flannaghan Т., Sutcliffe L., Rother L. Evaluation of cognitive behavioural treatment for depression after stroke: a pilot study. // Clin Rehabil., 1997,-V.l 1.-114-22.

305. Lipsey J.R., Spencer W.C., Rabins P.V. Phenomenological comparison of post-stroke depression and functional depression. // Amer. J. Psychiatry., 1986. -V.143. -P. 318-323.

306. Liu J., Mori A. Monoamine metabolism provides an antioxidanc defense in the brain against oxidant- and free radical induced damage//Arch Biochem Biophys 1993:302:118127.

307. Liu C. YWang S.J., Full J.L. The correlation of depression with functional activity in Parkinson's disease. // Neurol., 1997.-V. 5,- P.493-498.

308. Lloyd K.G., Davidson L., Hornykiewicz O. The neurochemistry of Parkinson's disease: effect of L-DOPA therapy. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 1975,195,453-464.

309. Lopez O.L. Alzheimer's Disease and Depression. Neuropsychological Impairment and Progression of the Illness. // Am. J.Psychiatiy., 1990.-V.5.-P.855-860.

310. Ludin S.M., Ludin H.P. J. Neurology 1989; 236: 2: 203-207.

311. Marsden C.D. Parkinson's disease. // Lancet., 1990,- V. 335. -P.848-952.

312. Marsden C.D. Parkinson's disease. //J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychyatry., 1994. V. 57. - P. 672-681.

313. Martinez-Martin P., Frades-Payo B. Quality of life in Parkinson's disease: validation study of the PDQ-39 Spanish version. The Grupo Centro for Study of Movement Disorders. // J. Neurol., 1998. V. 245. - P. 34-38.

314. Martigoni E., Mancini F., Godi L. The quality of life in Parkinson's disease. //XII International congress on Parkinson's disease, 1998.-P.98.

315. Marttila R.J., Rinne U.K. Progression and survival in Parkinson's disease. // Acta Neurol. Scand., 1991. V. 136. - P. 24-28.

316. Marttila R.J. Epidemiology. In Koller WC led: Handbook of Parkinson's Disease. // New York, Marcel Dekker. 1987. P. - 35.

317. Matsumine H., Saito M., Shimoda-Matsubayashi S. et al. Localization of a gene for an autosomal recessive form of juvenile parkinsonism to chromosome 6q25-q27. Am. J. Hum Genet. 1997;60:588-596.

318. McCance KL, Huether, SE: Alterations in neurologic function. In Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children. // St. Louis, CV Mosby. 1990. P. -509.

319. McDonald R.J., Horowski R. Lisuride in the treatment of parkinsonism//Eur Neurol 1983:22:240-255.

320. McRae C., O'Brien C.F., Seeberger L., Vo A. Reliabilitiv of measurements of patient health status: a comparison of physician patient and care partner ratings. // XII International congress of Parkinson's disease, 1998.

321. Mendelsohn G., Dakof G., Scaff M. Personality change in Parkinson"s disease patients: chronic disease and aging. // F. of Personality, 1995.-V. 63 P.233-257.

322. Mecocci P., McGarey U., Kaufman A.E., et al. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA shows marked age-dependent increase in human brain. Ann. Neurol., 1993, 34, 609614.

323. Micoch AG: Diagnosis and treatment of patkinsonian dysarthria. In Koller WC (ed): Handbook of Parkinson's Disease. // New York, Marcel Decker. 1987. P. - 181.

324. Mjones H. Paralysis agitans. A clinical and genetic study. // Acta Psychiat. Neurol. Scand., 1949.-V. 54. P. 1- 195.

325. Mizuno Y., Kondo Т., Narabayashi H: Pergolide in the treatment of Parkinson's disease//Neurology4 5 (suppl3): S13,1995.

326. Mohr E., Fabriani G., Williams J. Dopamine and memory function in Parkinson's disease. // Movement Dis., 1989,- V.4.-P. 113-120.

327. Montgomerty S.A., Asberg M.A. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. // Br. J. Psychiatry. 1979. - Vol.134. P.382 - 389.

328. Montreuil M., Pedinielli J.L. Parallel visual processing characteristics in healthy alexithymic subjects. Administration of the Toronto AJexithymia Scale and the parallel visual information test. //Encephale., 1995.-V.21,- 589-595.

329. Moore O., Gurevich Т., Anca M., Simon E., Shabtai H., Villa Y., Korczyn A.D., Giladi N. The Quality of sexual life in Parkinson's disease. // 6th International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain; 2000.

330. Moos R., Solomon G. Personality correlates of the degree of functional incapacity of patients with psichosomatic disease. // J. Chronic. Dis., 1965,- V.18-P 1019-1038.

331. Morris P.L., Robinson R.G., Raphael B. Lesion location and depression in hospitalized stroke patient: evidence supporting a specific relationship in the left hemisphere', 1992,- V.5 -P.75-82.

332. Muller-Spahn F., Hock C. Clinical presentation of depression in the elderly. // Gerontology, 1994,- V.40.-P. 10-14.

333. Murray N, Hopwood S., Balfour D.J. The influence of age on lithium efficiency and side-effects in outpatients. // Psychological Med., 1983,-Vol. 13.-P.53-60.

334. Muenter M.D., Tyce G.M. L-dopa therapy of Parkinson's disease: plasma L-dopa concentration, therapeutic response and side effects. // Mayo Clinic Proc., 1971. V. 46. - P. 231-239.

335. Musschenda A. The relation between the concepts "quality of life", health and good luck. //J. Med. Phylos., 1997., V. 22,-P. 11-28.

336. Mytilineou C., Leonardi E.K., Radcliffe P., et al. Deprenyl and desmethylselegiline protect mesencephalic neurons from toxicity induced by glutathione depletion//J Pharmacol Exp Thcr 1998;284:700-706.

337. Mytilineou C., Radcliffe P., Leonardi E.K., Werner P., Olanow C.W. L-deprenyl protects mesencephalic dopamine neurons from glutamate receptor-mediated toxicity//J Neurochem 1997;68:33-39.

338. Nasar M.A., Dyer P., Short C., Matindale S., Wright L. What is the role of Parkinson's Disease Club in PD care? // 6th International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain; 2000.

339. Nasralla H., Coffman J., Olson S. Structural brain-imaging findings in affective disorders: an overview. // Neuropsychiatry Clinical Neurosci., 1989.-V. 1,- № 1. -P.21-26.

340. Nauta W.J. Some efferent connections of the prefrontal cortex in the monkey. // In: The frontal granular cortex and behavior., 1964,- P.397.

341. Nelson L.D., Cicchetti D., Satz P. Emotional sequelae of stroke: a longitudinal perspective". // Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol., 1994,- V.16 P. 796-806.

342. Ng K.C., Chan K.L., Straughan P.T. A study of post-stroke depression in a rehabilitative center. // Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 1995.-V. 92.-P.75-79.

343. Nishibayashi S., Asanuma M., Kohno M., G6mez-Vargas M„ Ogawa N. Scavenging effects of dopamine agonists on nitric oxide radicals//J Neurochem 1996:67:2208-2211.

344. Nutt J.G., Woodward W., Hammerstad J.P., et al. Dose tolerance develop to levodopa? Comparison of 2- and 21-H levodopa infusions//Mov Disord 1993;8:139-143.

345. Obeso J.A., Luquin M.R., Martinez Lage J.M: Intravenous lisuride corrects oscillations of motor performance in Parkinson's disease//Ann Neurol 19:31, 1986.

346. Oertel W.H. Parkinson's disease: epidemiology, differential diagnosis, therapy, relation to dementia//Arzneimittelforschung, 1995, Mar. 45, p. 386- 389.

347. Ogawa N., Asanuma M., Kondo Y, et al. Differential effects of chronic L-DOPA treatment on lipid peroxidation in the mouse brain with or without pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopaminc//Neurosci Lett 1994:171:55-58.

348. Ogawa N., Edamatsu R, Mizukawa K, et al. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and free radicals: possible participation of levodopa//Adv Neurol 1993:60:242-250

349. Ogawa N., Iwata E., Asanuma M, Nishibayashi S., lida K. Oxidative stress and transcription factors. In: Packer L, Hiramatsu M, Yoshikawa T, eds. Free radicals in brain physiology and disorders. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996:131-140.

350. Ogawa N., Kanazawa I., Kowa H., et al. Nationwide multicenter prospective study on the long-term effects of bromocriptine for Parkinson's disease: final report of ten-year follow-up//Eur Neurol 1997;38(Suppl 2):37-49.

351. Ogawa N., Tanaka K., Asanuma M., et al. Bromocriptine protects mice against 6-hydroxydopamine and scavenges hydroxyl free radicals in vitro//Brain Res 1994;657:207-213.

352. Ogawa N. Levodopa and dopamine agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: advantages and disadvantages//Eur Neurol 1994;34(Suppl 3):20-28.

353. Ogawa N. Molecular and chemical neuropharmacology of dopamine receptor subtypes//Acta Med Okayama 1995;49:1-11.

354. Ogawa N, Miyazaki I., Tanaka K., Iida M., Asanuma M. Dopamine D2 receptor mediated antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of Ropinirole//XIII International congress on Parkinson's disease Vancouver, Canada; 1999.

355. Olanow C.W., Fahn S, Muenter M., et al. A multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pergolide as an adjunct to Sinemet in Parkinson's disease//Mov Disord 1994;9:40-47.

356. Olanow C.W., Hauser R.A., Gauger L., et al. The effect of deprenyl and levodopa on the progression of signs and symptoms in Parkinson's disease.//Ann Neurol 1995;38:771-777.

357. Olanow C.W., Jenner P., Brooks D. Dopamine agonises and neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease//Ann Neurol 1998;44(Suppl 1):S167-S174.

358. Olanow C.W, Koller W.C. An algorithm (decision tree) for the management of Parkinson's disease//Neurology 1998;50(Suppl 3):Sl-57.

359. Olanow C.W, Obeso J.A. Dopamine agonists in early Parkinson's disease//Tunbridgc Wells, UK: Wells Medical, 1997.

360. Olanow C.W. A rationale for dopamine agonists as primary therapy for Parkinson's disease.//Can J Neurol Sci 1992:19:108-112.

361. Olanow C.W. A rationale for using dopamine agonists as primary symptomatic therapy in Parkinson's disease. In: Olanow C.W, Obeso J.A, eds. Dopamine agonises in early Parkinson's disease. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Wells Medical, 1997:37-52.

362. Olanow C.W. An introduction to the free radical hypothesis in Parkinson's disease//Ann Neurol 1992;322-9.

363. Olanow C.W. Attempts to obtain neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease//Neurology 1997;49(Suppl 1):S26-S33.

364. Olanow C.W. Oxidation reactions in Parkinson's disease//Neurology 1990:40:32-37.

365. Olsson J.E, European Multicentric Trial Group. Bromocriptine and levodopa in early combination in Parkinson's disease: first results of the Collaborative European Multicentric Trial//Adv Neurol 1990;53:421-423.

366. Ondo W.G, Vuong K.D, Jankovic J. Daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease./^"1 International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain;2000.

367. Owen A.M, James M, Leigh P.N, et al. Fronto-striatal cognitive deficits al different stages of Parkinson's disease/ZBrain 1992; 15:1727-1751.

368. Ozkaynak S.S, Onal M.Z, Ataus S, Aydin H. The effects of pergolide monotherapy on cognition in Pakinson's disease/^"1 International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain;2000.

369. Quinn N.P, Marsden C.D. The motor disorder of multiple system atrophy// Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.-1993.-Vol. 56.-P. 1239-1242,

370. Quinn N. Multiplesystem atrophy the nature of the beast. J. Neurol.Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1989.

371. Paguet F, Chouinard S, Cohen H, Bedard M.A The dysexecutive syndrome during daily activities in Parkinson's disease. // 6th International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain; 2000.

372. Pardo B, Mena M.A, Casarejos M.J, et al. Toxic effects of L-DOPA on mesencephalic cell cultures: protection with antioxidants//Brain Res 1995;682:133-143.

373. Paulson G.W. Management of the patient with newly-diagnosed Parkinson's disease. // Geriatrics., 1993. Vol. 48. - № 2. - P. 39-40.

374. Paulson G., Dadmehr N. Is there a premorbid personality typical for Parkinson"s disease?//Neuroligy, 1991.-V. 41.-P.73-76.

375. Pacchetti, C., Mancini, F., Aglieri, R., Fundaro, C., Martignoni, E., Nappi, G. Active Music Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: An Integrative Method for Motor and Emotional Rehabilitation. //Psychosom Med. 2000. - 62: 386-393.

376. Perry T.L., Young V.W., Ito M., et al. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons remain undamaged in rats given high doses of L-dopa and carbidopa chronically//J Neurochem 1984:43:990-993.

377. Peterman A., D'Antonio L., Zimmerman J. Measuring Global Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's disease. // XII International congress on Parkinson's disease, 1998.

378. Peto V., Jenkinson C., Fitzpatrick R., Greenhall R. The development and validation of a short measure of functioning and well being for individuals with Parkinson's disease. // Qual. Life Res., 1995. V. 4. -№ 3. - P. 241-248.

379. Peto V., Jenkinson C., Fitzpatrick R. PDQ-39: a review of the development, validation and application of a Parkinson's disease quality of life questionnaire and its associated measures. //J. Neurol. 1998. May; 245 Suppl. l:S10-4.

380. Piallat В., Bennazouz A., Benabid A.L. Subthalamic nucleus lesion in rats prevents dopaminergic nigral neuron degeneration after striaial 6-OHDA injection: behavioral and immunohistochemical studies//Eur J Neurosci Suppl 1996;8:1408-1414 .

381. Piccirilli M., D'Alessandro P., Finali G., Piccini G.L. Neuropsychological follow up parkinsonian patients with and without cognitive Impairment. // Dementia., 1994. V. 5. -№ 1. - P. 17-22.

382. Pillon В., Dubois В., Lhermitte F., Agid Y. Heterogenetiy of cognitive impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1986.

383. Poewe W.H., Gerstenbrandt F. Kliniche Subtypen der Parkinsonkranhelt. // Wien. med. Wschr., 1986. -V. 136. P. 384-387.

384. Pushkarev A.L., Arinchina N.G.Evaluation quality of life of the elderly disabled with arterial hypertension. // Hypertension in elderly. VIII European Meeting of Hypertension. -Krakow.- 1997.-P. 168.

385. Quinn N., Critchley P., Marsden C.D. Young onset Parkinson's disease//Mov Disord 1987;2:73-91.

386. Ramig L.O., Bonitati C.M., Lemke J.H., Horii Y. Voice treatment for patients with Parkinson disease: development of an approach and preliminary efficacy data. // Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 1994. - № 2 (3). - P. 191-209.

387. Rajput A.H., Rajput A. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinsonism prospective study. // Can. J. Neural. Scie., 1991. - V. 18. - P. 275-278.

388. Riederer P., Lange K.W., Youdim M.B. Recent advances in pharmacological therapy of Parkinson's disease. // Adv. Neurol., 1993. V. 60. - P. 626-635.

389. Rinne U.K. Strategies of the treatment of early Parkinson's disease. // Acta Neural. Scand., 1993.-V. 87.-P. 50 53.

390. Robbins T.W., Elliott R., Sahakian B.J. Neuropsychology dementia and affective disorders. //Br. Med. Bull., 1996,- V.52.-P.627-643.

391. Robinson R.G. Differential behevioral and biochemical effects of right and left hemispheric cerebral infarction in the rat. // Science., 1979,- V.205.-P.707-710.

392. Robinson R.G., Starr L.B., Lipsey J.R. A two-year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: dynamic changes over the first six months of follow-up. // Stroke., 1984. -V.15. -P.510-517.

393. Robinson R., Boston J., Starkstein S. Comparison of mania with depression following brain injury: causal factors. // Am. J.Psychiatry.,1988.-V.145.-P. 172-178.

394. Rodriguez M.C., Obeso J.A., Olanow C.W. Subchalamic-mediated excitotoxicity in Parkinson's disease: a target for neuroprotection//Ann Neurol 1998;44(Suppl 1):S175-S188.

395. Rocca W.A. Frequency, distribution, and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.//Nurs. Clin. North. Am., 1994.-V. 29,- P. 101 -111.

396. Roman G.C. Vascular dementia, diagnostic criteria for research studies. // Neurology., 1993,- V. 43. -P.250-260.

397. Rovner B.W., Broadhead J., Spencer M. Depression and Alzheimer's disease. //Am. J. Psychiatry., 1989,- V. 146,- P.350-353.

398. Salloway S., Malloy V., Rogg J. Clinical significance of subcortical enccphalomalacia in elderly- and late-lifu-onsei depression. //Neurology., 1884,- V.44.-№ 4.- P.21.

399. Sano M., Mayeux R. Biochemistry of depression in Parkinson's disease. //University Press., 1992. P.229-239.

400. Santamaria Y., Tolosa E. Clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease and depression // In: Parkinson's disease. Neurobechevioral aspects. -University Press., 1992. -P. 217-230.

401. Schapira A.H., Cooper J.M., Dexter D„ Dark J.B., Jenner P., Marsden C.D. Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency in Parkinson's disease//Ann Neurol 1989;26:17-18.

402. Schapira A.H., Gu M., Taanman J.W., et al. Mitochondria in the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease//Ann Neurol 1998;44(Suppl 1):S89-S98 (this issue).

403. Schrag A., Jahanshahi M., Quinn N. What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease? // J. Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1999,- P.431-435.

404. Schrag, A., Selai, C., Jahanshahi, M., Quinn, N. P. The EQ-5D a generic quality of life measure—is a useful instrument to measure quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. //J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. - 2000. - 69: 67-73.

405. Schag A., Jahanshahi M., Quinn N. What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease? // 6th International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain; 2000.

406. Siemers E. Recent progress in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. // Compr. Ther., 1992. Vol. 18. -№9. - P. 20-24.

407. Sigwald J., Raymondeaud C., Piot C. Technique ^estimation et contation des symptomes et des signes extra-pyramidaux. L'evalution cliniqut- de la maladie de Parkinson. // Sem. Hop. Paris., 1973. V. 49. - № 10. - P. 693-704.

408. Shlomo Y., Marmot M.G. Survival and cause of death in a cohort of patients with parkinsonism: possible clues to etiology. // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry., 1995. V. 58. - № 3. - P. 293-299.

409. Shulman L.M., Rabinstein A., Minagar A., Weiner W.J. Patient access to information: Parkinson's disease and the internet. // 6th International congress of Parkinson's disease and movement disorders Barcelona, Spain; 2000.

410. Shy G.M., Drager G.A. A neurological syndrome associated with orthostatic Hypotension: a clinical-pathological study. Arch Neurol 1960; 2; 511-527.

411. Spencer J.P., Jenner P., Halliwell B. Superoxide-dependent depletion of reduced glutathione by L-DOPA and dopamine. Relevance to Parkinson's disease.//Neuroreport 1995:6:1480-1484.

412. Spielberger C. P. State-Jraet Anxiety Inventory. // Palo Alto, 1983.

413. Spina M.B., Cohen G. Dopamine turnover and glutathione oxidation: implications for Parkinson's disease.//Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 1989:86:1398-1400.

414. Spitzer W. State of science 1986: quality of life and function status as target variables for research. // J. Chron. Die., 1987,- V. 40,- P. 465-471.

415. Starkstein S.E., PresiosiT.J., Bolduc P.L. Depression in Parkinson's disease. // J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1990.-V. 178.-№1.-P. 27-31.

416. Stern M., DulaneyE., Gruber S.B. Arch. Neurology 1991; 48: 9: 903-907.

417. Stern Y., TetrudJ.W, Martin W.R.W. et al. Neurology 1990; 40: 2: 261-264.

418. Stoessl A.J., Rivest J. Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonism. // Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1999.-V. 26: Suppl. 2-S1-S4.

419. Stoessl A.J.Etiology of Parkinson's disease. // Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1999. V. 26: Suppl. 2-S5-S12.

420. Sweeney P J. Parkinson's disease: managing symptoms and preserving function. // Geriatrics., 1995,- V. 50,- P. 24-31.

421. Sweet R.D., McDowell F.H. Five years treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa. // Ann. Intern. Med., 1975. V. 83. - P. 456-463.

422. Talwalker S. The cardinal features of cognitive and noncognitive dysfunction and the differential efficacy of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease patient. //J. Biopharm. Stat., 1996, V.6. -P.443-456.

423. Tannock C., Katona C. Minor depression in the aged. Concepts, prevalence and optimal management. //Drugs-Aging., 1995.-V. 6,- P.278-292.

424. Taylor A.E., Saint-Cyr J.A., Lang A.E. Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: the cjrtical focus of neostriatal outflow. //Brain., 1986,- V.109. P. 845 -883.

425. Tatemichi T.K.How acute brain failure becomes chronic: a view of mechanisms ol dementia related to stroke.//Neurology, 1990.- V. 40.-P. 1652-1659.

426. Tatemishi Т.К. Dementia after stroke: baseline frequecy, riskcs, and clinical features in a hospitalized cohort. // Neurology., 1992,- V. 42. -P.l 185-1193.

427. Taylor A.E., Saint-Cyr J.A., Lang A.E. Memory and learning early Parkinson's disease: evidence for a «frontal lobe syndrome». // Brain. Cogn., 1990. V. 13. P. 211-232.

428. Tetrud J.W, Langston J.W. The effects of L-deprenyl (selegilin) on the natural history of Parkinson's disease. // Science. 1989.-V.245.-P. 519-522.

429. Tinetti M. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in eldery patients//J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 1986. - Vol.34. - P.l 19 - 126.

430. Tinetti M, Ginter S. Identifying mobility dysfunctions in eldery patients. // JAMA. -1988. -№259. P. 1058.

431. Vitaliano P. Depression in caregivers comment. // J. Family Practice., 1990. - V. 30. - №4. - P. 437-440.

432. Wade D.T. Measurement in neurological rehabilitation. Oxford University Press, 1992.

433. Walker S., Roser R. Quality of life assessment. Kluwer academic publishers, 1993.

434. Wallhagen M.I, Brod M. Perceived control and well-being in Parkinson's disease. II West J. Nurs. Res, 1997. V. 19. -№1. - P. 11-25.

435. Wang M, Hattori N, Matsumine H. et al. Polymorphism in the Parkin gene in sporadic Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 1999;45:655-658.

436. Wasielewski P.G, Koller W.C. Quality of life and Parkinson's disease: the CR FIRST Study. //J. Neurol, 1998.-V.245. P.28-30.

437. Webster D.D. Clinical analysis of the disability in Parkinson's disease. // Med. Treat., 1968. -V. 5. P. 257-282.

438. Wenger N. The burden of Parkinson's disease on society, family, and the individual. // J. Am. Geriatr. Soc, 1997. V. 45. - P. 844-849.

439. Wenger N.K. Quality of life: can it and should it be assessed in patients with heart failure. // Cardiology. 1989. - V. 76. - P. 381-398.

440. Wise T.N., Mann L.S, Randell P. The stability of alexithymia in depressed patients. // Psychopathology, 1995.-V. 28.-P.173-176.

441. Wood N.W. Genetic risk factors in Parkinson's disease//Ann Neurol 1998;44(Suppl 1):S58-S62.

442. Wong G.F, Gray S.C, Hasanein R.S. et al. Arch. Neurol. 1991; 48: 3: 887-889.

443. Wooten G.F. neurochemistry. In: Handbook of Parkinson's Disease, ed W.C. Koller, pp 237-251, Basel & New York, 1987,

444. Wise T.N, Mann L.S, Randell P. The stability of alexithymia in Jepressed patients. // Psychopathology, 1995.-V. 28,- P.173-176.

445. Yakchno N, Glozman J.M, Artemiev D.V. Clinico-neuropsychological and neuroimaging study of Parkinson's disease. // Symposium on Extrpyramidal Disorders, 1994.-P.36-3 7.

446. Yahr M, Wolf F, Antunes J.L. Autopsy findings in parkinsonism following treatment with levodopa. //Neurology. 1972. V. 22.-P. 56-71.

447. Yahr M. Evaluation of long-term therapy in Parkinson's disease: mortality and therapeutic efficacy. // Advances in Parkinsonism, 1976. P. 435 - 443.

448. Youichi K, Kisou K.A. Simple metod for detecting cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. // XIII International congress on Parkinson's disease;1999.

449. Yoshikawa T, Minamiyama Y, Naito Y, et al. Antioxidant properties of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist//J Neurochem 1994:62:1034-1038.

450. Zetusky W.J, Jancovic J, Pirozzolo F.J. The geterogeneity of Parkinson's disease: clinical and prognostic implications. // Neurology, 1985. V. 35. - P.522 - 526.

451. Zigmond M.J, Abercombie E.D, Berger T.W.Compensation after lesion of central dopaminergic neurons: some clinical and basicimplicatoins. // Trends in neuroscience.,1990. -Vol. 13. -P.290-295.

452. Zumstein H, Siegfreed J. Mortality among Parkinsonian patients treated with L-dopa combined with a decarboxylase inhibitor. // Europ. Neurol, 1976. Vol. 14. - P. 321-327.

453. Zerfass R, Kretzschmar K, Forstl H. Depressive Storungen nach Hirninfarkt. Beziehungen zu Infarktlage, Hirnatrophie und kognitiven Defiziten. // Nervenarzt, 1992.-V.63,-№3.-P. 163-168.

454. Zweig R.M, Cardillo I.E., Cohen M. The locus ceruleus and dementia in Parkinson's disease. // Neurology, 1993,- V.43.- №5. -P.986-991.166